রতন টাটা (শিল্পপতি)

Feb 4, 2023 - 05:59
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রতন টাটা (শিল্পপতি)
রতন টাটা (শিল্পপতি)

রতন টাটা
রতন টাটা photo.jpg
2010 সালে টাটা
জন্ম
রতন নেভাল টাটা

( 1937-12-28 )28 ডিসেম্বর 1937 (বয়স 85)
মাতৃশিক্ষায়তন কর্নেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ( বিআরচ )
পেশা শিল্পপতি
শিরোনাম চেয়ারম্যান ইমেরিটাস, টাটা সন্স এবং টাটা গ্রুপ [১]
মেয়াদ
  • 1991-2012
  • 2016-2017
পূর্বসূরি জেআরডি টাটা
উত্তরাধিকারী
অভিভাবক নেভাল টাটা
আত্মীয়স্বজন টাটা পরিবার
পুরস্কার

রতন নেভাল টাটা (জন্ম 28 ডিসেম্বর 1937) একজন ভারতীয় ব্যবসায়ী এবং টাটা সন্সের প্রাক্তন চেয়ারম্যান । এছাড়াও তিনি 1990 থেকে 2012 সাল পর্যন্ত টাটা গ্রুপের চেয়ারম্যান ছিলেন, অক্টোবর 2016 থেকে ফেব্রুয়ারি 2017 পর্যন্ত অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন চেয়ারম্যান হিসেবেও দায়িত্ব পালন করেন। তিনি এর দাতব্য ট্রাস্টের প্রধান হিসেবে কাজ করছেন। [২] [৩] 2008 সালে, তিনি পদ্মবিভূষণ , ভারতের দ্বিতীয় সর্বোচ্চ বেসামরিক সম্মান, পদ্মভূষণ প্রাপ্তির পর , 2000 সালে তৃতীয় সর্বোচ্চ বেসামরিক সম্মান পান। [4]

তিনি নেভাল টাটার ছেলে, যাকে টাটা গ্রুপের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা জামসেটজি টাটার ছেলে রতনজি টাটা দত্তক নিয়েছিলেন তিনি কর্নেল ইউনিভার্সিটি কলেজ অফ আর্কিটেকচার থেকে স্থাপত্যে স্নাতক ডিগ্রি অর্জন করেন। [৫] তিনি 1961 সালে টাটাতে যোগ দেন, যেখানে তিনি টাটা স্টিলের দোকানে কাজ করতেন। পরবর্তীতে 1991 সালে অবসর নেওয়ার পর তিনি JRD টাটার টাটা সন্সের চেয়ারম্যান হিসেবে স্থলাভিষিক্ত হন। তার মেয়াদে টাটা গ্রুপ টেটলি , জাগুয়ার ল্যান্ড রোভার এবং কোরাস অধিগ্রহণ করে।, একটি বৃহত্তর ভারত-কেন্দ্রিক গোষ্ঠী থেকে টাটাকে একটি বৈশ্বিক ব্যবসায় পরিণত করার প্রয়াসে। টাটা বিশ্বের অন্যতম বৃহৎ জনহিতৈষী, তিনি তার আয়ের প্রায় 60-65% দাতব্য প্রতিষ্ঠানে দান করেছেন।

প্রারম্ভিক জীবন [ সম্পাদনা ]

রতন টাটা 28 ডিসেম্বর 1937 সালে ব্রিটিশ রাজের সময় বোম্বে, বর্তমানে মুম্বাইতে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। [6] তিনি নেভাল টাটার পুত্র, যিনি সুরাটে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন এবং পরে টাটা পরিবারে দত্তক নেন এবং সুনি টাটা, ভাইঝি। টাটা গ্রুপের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা জামসেটজি টাটাটাটার জৈবিক দাদা, হরমুসজি টাটা, রক্তে টাটা পরিবারের সদস্য ছিলেন। 1948 সালে, যখন টাটা 10 বছর বয়সে, তার বাবা-মা আলাদা হয়ে যান, এবং পরবর্তীকালে তিনি তার দাদী এবং রতনজি টাটার বিধবা নবজবাই টাটা দ্বারা বড় হয়েছিলেন এবং দত্তক নেন। [৭] তার একটি ছোট ভাই জিমি টাটা [৮] এবং এক সৎ ভাই, নোয়েল টাটা , সিমোন টাটার সাথে নেভাল টাটার দ্বিতীয় বিয়ে থেকে।, যার সাথে তিনি বড় হয়েছেন। তার প্রথম ভাষা গুজরাটি[৯]

তিনি মুম্বাইয়ের ক্যাম্পিয়ন স্কুলে অষ্টম শ্রেণী পর্যন্ত পড়াশোনা করেছেন। এর পরে, তিনি মুম্বাইয়ের ক্যাথেড্রাল এবং জন কনন স্কুল , সিমলার বিশপ কটন স্কুল এবং নিউ ইয়র্ক সিটির রিভারডেল কান্ট্রি স্কুলে পড়াশোনা করেন, যেখান থেকে তিনি 1955 সালে স্নাতক হন। [১০] [১১] [১২] স্নাতক হওয়ার পর হাই স্কুল থেকে, টাটা কর্নেল ইউনিভার্সিটিতে ভর্তি হন , যেখান থেকে তিনি 1959 সালে আর্কিটেকচারে স্নাতক ডিগ্রি অর্জন করেন। 2008 সালে, টাটা কর্নেলকে $50 মিলিয়ন উপহার দেন, যা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ইতিহাসে সবচেয়ে বড় আন্তর্জাতিক দাতা হয়ে ওঠে। [১৩]

কর্মজীবন [ সম্পাদনা ]

1970-এর দশকে, টাটাকে টাটা গ্রুপে একটি ব্যবস্থাপক পদ দেওয়া হয়েছিল। তিনি প্রাথমিক সাফল্য অর্জন করেন সহায়ক সংস্থা ন্যাশনাল রেডিও এন্ড ইলেকট্রনিক্স (NELCO) কে ঘুরিয়ে দিয়ে, শুধুমাত্র অর্থনৈতিক মন্দার সময় এটির পতন দেখতে। [১৪] [১৫] ১৯৯১ সালে জেআরডি টাটাটাটা সন্সের চেয়ারম্যান পদ থেকে সরে দাঁড়ান, তাকে তার উত্তরসূরি হিসেবে ঘোষণা করেন। প্রাথমিকভাবে, টাটা বিভিন্ন সহযোগী সংস্থার প্রধানদের কাছ থেকে কঠোর প্রতিরোধের মুখোমুখি হয়েছিল, যাদের সিনিয়র টাটার মেয়াদে প্রচুর পরিচালন স্বাধীনতা ছিল। প্রতিক্রিয়া হিসাবে, টাটা ক্ষমতা একত্রিত করার জন্য ডিজাইন করা বেশ কয়েকটি নীতি বাস্তবায়ন করেছে, যার মধ্যে একটি অবসরের বয়স বাস্তবায়ন, সহায়ক সংস্থাগুলিকে সরাসরি গ্রুপ অফিসে রিপোর্ট করা এবং সাবসিডিয়ারিগুলিকে টাটা গ্রুপের ব্র্যান্ড তৈরিতে তাদের লাভের অবদানের প্রয়োজন। টাটা উদ্ভাবনকে অগ্রাধিকার দিয়েছে এবং অল্পবয়সী প্রতিভাদের কাছে অনেক দায়িত্ব অর্পণ করেছে। [১৬] তার নেতৃত্বে, সহযোগী সংস্থাগুলির মধ্যে ওভারল্যাপিং ক্রিয়াকলাপগুলিকে কোম্পানী-ব্যাপী ক্রিয়াকলাপে স্ট্রীমলাইন করা হয়েছিল, গ্রুপটি বিশ্বায়নের জন্য সম্পর্কহীন ব্যবসা থেকে বেরিয়ে এসেছিল। [১৭]

বাংলাদেশে রতন টাটা (ডানে), 2005

21 বছরে টাটা টাটা গ্রুপের নেতৃত্বে, রাজস্ব 40 গুণের বেশি এবং লাভ 50 গুণেরও বেশি। [১৪] তিনি যখন কোম্পানির দায়িত্ব গ্রহণ করেন, তখন বিক্রয়ের মধ্যে ছিল পণ্য বিক্রয়, কিন্তু তার মেয়াদের শেষে, বেশিরভাগ বিক্রয় ব্র্যান্ড থেকে আসে। [১৮] [১৯] তিনি টাটা টি -কে টেটলি অধিগ্রহণ করেন , টাটা মোটরস জাগুয়ার ল্যান্ড রোভার অধিগ্রহণ করে এবং টাটা স্টিল কোরাস অধিগ্রহণ করে এই অধিগ্রহণগুলি মূলত ভারতকেন্দ্রিক গোষ্ঠী থেকে টাটাকে একটি বৈশ্বিক ব্যবসায় স্থানান্তরিত করেছে, যার 65% এর বেশি আয় আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে অপারেশন এবং বিক্রয় থেকে আসে। [১৪]

তিনি টাটা ন্যানো গাড়ির বিকাশের ধারণা ও নেতৃত্ব দিয়েছিলেন, যা গড় ভারতীয় গ্রাহকের নাগালের মধ্যে গাড়িগুলিকে মূল্য-বিন্দুতে রাখতে সাহায্য করেছিল। [২০] [১৬] টাটা মোটরস তার গুজরাটের সানন্দ প্ল্যান্ট থেকে টিগোর ইলেকট্রিক গাড়ির প্রথম ব্যাচ নিয়ে এসেছে , যাকে টাটা "ভারতের বৈদ্যুতিক স্বপ্ন" হিসেবে বর্ণনা করেছে। [২১]

75 বছর বয়সে, রতন টাটা 28 ডিসেম্বর 2012 তারিখে টাটা গ্রুপে তার নির্বাহী ক্ষমতা থেকে পদত্যাগ করেন। তার উত্তরাধিকার নিয়ে একটি পরবর্তী নেতৃত্বের সংকট মিডিয়ার তীব্র পর্যালোচনার দিকে নিয়ে যায়। [২২] কোম্পানির পরিচালনা পর্ষদ এবং আইনি বিভাগ তার উত্তরসূরি সাইরাস মিস্ত্রীকে নিয়োগ দিতে অস্বীকার করে , যিনি টাটার আত্মীয় এবং শাপুরজি পালোনজি গ্রুপের পালোনজি মিস্ত্রির ছেলে, যেটি ছিল টাটা গ্রুপের বৃহত্তম ব্যক্তিগত শেয়ারহোল্ডার। [২৩] [২৪] 24 অক্টোবর 2016-এ, সাইরাস মিস্ত্রিকে টাটা সন্সের চেয়ারম্যান পদ থেকে সরিয়ে দেওয়া হয় এবং রতন টাটাকে অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন চেয়ারম্যান করা হয়। একটি বাছাই কমিটি, যার মধ্যে টাটা সদস্য ছিলেন, একজন উত্তরসূরি খুঁজে বের করার জন্য গঠিত হয়েছিল। [25] 12 জানুয়ারী 2017-এ, নটরাজন চন্দ্রশেখরনটাটা সন্সের চেয়ারম্যান হিসাবে নামকরণ করা হয়েছিল, যে ভূমিকা তিনি 2017 সালের ফেব্রুয়ারিতে গ্রহণ করেছিলেন। [২৬] ন্যাশনাল কোম্পানি ল আপিল ট্রাইব্যুনাল পরে ডিসেম্বর 2019-এ দেখতে পায় যে টাটা সন্সের চেয়ারম্যান হিসেবে সাইরাস মিস্ত্রির অপসারণ বেআইনি ছিল, এবং তাকে পুনর্বহাল করার আদেশ দেয়। [২৬] আপিলের ভিত্তিতে ভারতের সুপ্রিম কোর্ট সাইরাস মিস্ত্রির বরখাস্তকে বহাল রাখে [২৭]

Tata has also invested in multiple companies with his own wealth. He has invested in Snapdeal – one of India's leading e-commerce websites. In January 2016, he invested in Teabox, an online premium Indian Tea seller,[28] and CashKaro.com, a discount coupons and cash-back website.[29] He has made small investments in both early and late stage companies in India, such as INR 0.95 Cr in Ola Cabs.[30] In April 2015, it was reported that Tata had acquired a stake in Chinese smartphone startup Xiaomi.[31] In 2016, he invested in Nestaway an online real-estate portal that later acquired Zenify to start the online real-estate and pet-care portal, Dogspot.[32][33][34][35] Tata also launched India's companionship startup for senior citizens, Goodfellows, in a bid to encourage intergenerational friendships."[36]

Philanthropy[edit]

Tata is a supporter of education, medicine and rural development, and considered a leading philanthropist in India.[37][38][39] Tata supported University of New South Wales Faculty of Engineering to develop capacitive deionization to provide improved water for challenged areas.[40][41]

Tata Hall[42] at the University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), opened in November 2018, houses facilities for the biological and physical sciences and is the home of the Tata Institute for Genetics and Society. The Tata Institute for Genetics and Society is a bi-national institution that coordinates research between UC San Diego and research operations in India to assist in societal and infrastructure development in the area of combating vector-borne diseases. Tata Hall is named in recognition of a generous $70 million gift from Tata Trusts.[citation needed]

Tata Education and Development Trust, a philanthropic affiliate of Tata Group, endowed a $28  million Tata Scholarship Fund that will allow Cornell University to provide financial aid to undergraduate students from India. The scholarship fund will support approximately 20 scholars at any given time and will ensure that the very best Indian students have access to Cornell, regardless of their financial circumstances. The scholarship will be awarded annually; recipients will receive the scholarship for the duration of their undergraduate study at Cornell.[43]

In 2010, Tata Group companies and Tata charities donated $50 million for the construction of an executive center at Harvard Business School (HBS).[44] The executive center has been named Tata Hall, after Ratan Tata (AMP '75), chairman emeritus of Tata Sons.[45] The total construction costs have been estimated at $100 million.[46] Tata Hall is located in the northeast corner of the HBS campus, and is devoted to the Harvard Business School's mid-career Executive Education program. It is seven stories tall, and about 155,000 gross square feet. It houses approximately 180 bedrooms, in addition to academic and multi-purpose spaces.[47]

The Tata Innovation Center at Cornell Tech is named after Ratan Tata, and mixes academics and industry in a building on the Roosevelt Island campus. The seven-floor structure is meant primarily as a business incubator for students, faculty, and staff,[40] with 70% of the building being commercially leased and 30% devoted to academic space. Tata Consultancy Services is a tenant in the space.[48]

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has given the largest ever donation by a company to Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) for a facility to research cognitive systems and autonomous vehicles. TCS donated $35 million for this grand 48,000 square-foot building that is called TCS Hall.[49]

In 2014, Tata Group endowed the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay and formed the Tata Center for Technology and Design (TCTD) to develop design and engineering principles suited to the needs of people and communities with limited resources. They gave ₹950 million to the institute which was the largest ever donation received in its history.[50][51]

Tata Trusts under the Chairmanship of Ratan Tata provided a grant of ₹750 million to the Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science to study mechanisms underlying the cause of Alzheimer's disease and to evolve methods for its early diagnosis and treatment. This grant was to be spread over 5 years starting in 2014.[52][53]

Tata Group, under the leadership of Ratan Tata formed the MIT Tata Center of Technology and Design at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a mission to address the challenges of resource-constrained communities, with an initial focus on India.[54]

Board memberships and affiliations[edit]

Ratan Tata was the interim chairman of Tata Sons. He continues to head the main two Tata trusts Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts and Sir Ratan Tata Trust and their allied trusts, with a combined stake of 66% in Tata Sons, Tata group's holding company.

He has served in various capacities in organizations in India and abroad. He is a member of Prime Minister's 'Council on Trade and Industry' and the 'National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council'. He is on the jury panel of Pritzker Architecture Prize[55] – considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes.

Over the years Tata has served on the Cornell University Board of Trustees, personally advising the school's administration in matters of international involvement, particularly regarding projects connected to India. More broadly, Tata has served on the board's Academic Affairs, Student Life, and Development Committees. In 2013 he was named Cornell Entrepreneur of the Year.[56]

He is a director on the boards of Alcoa Inc., Mondelez International[57] and Board of Governors of the East–West Center. He is also a member of the board of trustees of University of Southern California, Harvard Business School Board of Dean's Advisors, X Prize[58] and Cornell University. He is a member on the board of International Advisory Council at Bocconi University.[59]

He is also a member of the Harvard Business School India Advisory Board (IAB) since 2006 and previously a member of the Harvard Business School Asia-Pacific Advisory Board (APAB) 2001–2006.[citation needed]

In 2013, he was appointed to the board of trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.[60]

In February 2015, Ratan took an advisory role at Kalari Capital, a venture capital firm founded by Vani Kola.[61]

In October 2016, Tata Sons removed Cyrus Mistry as its chairman, nearly 4 years after he took over the reins of the over $100 billion conglomerate, Ratan Tata made a comeback, taking over the company's interim boss for 4 months. On 12 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was named as the chairman of Tata Sons, a role he assumed in February 2017.

Honours and awards[edit]

President Pratibha Patil presenting the Padma Vibhushan to Ratan Tata, at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, in 2008

Ratan Tata received the Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008, the third and second highest civilian honours awarded by the Government of India.[62] Along with national civilian honours, Tata has also received various state civilian honours like 'Maharashtra Bhushan' in 2006 for his huge work in the public administration in Maharashtra and 'Assam Baibhav' in 2021 for his exceptional contribution towards furthering cancer care in Assam.[63]

Other awards include:

Year Name Awarding organisation Ref.
2001 Honorary Doctor of Business Administration Ohio State University [64]
2004 Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay Government of Uruguay [65]
2004 Honorary Doctor of Technology Asian Institute of Technology. [66]
2005 International Distinguished Achievement Award B'nai B'rith International [67]
2005 Honorary Doctor of Science University of Warwick. [68]
2006 Honorary Doctor of Science Indian Institute of Technology Madras [69]
2006 Responsible Capitalism Award For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) [70]
2007 Honorary Fellowship The London School of Economics and Political Science [71]
2007 Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy Carnegie Endowment for International Peace [72]
2008 Honorary Doctor of Law University of Cambridge [73]
2008 Honorary Doctor of Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay [74]
2008 Honorary Doctor of Science Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur [75]
2008 Honorary Citizen Award Government of Singapore [76][77]
2008 Honorary Fellowship The Institution of Engineering and Technology [78]
2008 Inspired Leadership Award The Performance Theatre [79]
2009 Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) Queen Elizabeth II [80]
2009 Life Time Contribution Award in Engineering for 2008 Indian National Academy of Engineering [81]
2009 Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Government of Italy [82]
2010 Honorary Doctor of Law University of Cambridge [83]
2010 Hadrian Award World Monuments Fund [84]
2010 Oslo Business for Peace award Business for Peace Foundation [85]
2010 Legend in Leadership Award Yale University [86]
2010 Honorary Doctor of Laws Pepperdine University [87]
2010 Business for Peace Award Business for Peace Foundation [88]
2010 Business Leader of the Year The Asian Awards. [89]
2012 Honorary Fellow[4] The Royal Academy of Engineering[4] [90]
2012 Doctor of Business honoris causa University of New South Wales [91]
2012 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun Government of Japan [92]
2012 Lifetime Achievement Award Rockefeller Foundation [93]
2013 Foreign Associate National Academy of Engineering [94]
2013 Transformational Leader of the Decade Indian Affairs India Leadership Conclave 2013 [95]
2013 Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year – Lifetime Achievement Ernst & Young [96]
2013 Honorary Doctor of Business Practice Carnegie Mellon University [97]
2014 Honorary Doctor of Business Singapore Management University [98]
2014 Sayaji Ratna Award Baroda Management Association [99]
2014 Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) Queen Elizabeth II [100][101]
2014 Honorary Doctor of Laws York University, Canada [102]
2015 Honorary Doctor of Automotive Engineering Clemson University [103]
2015 Sayaji Ratna Award Baroda Management Association, Honoris Causa, HEC Paris [104]
2016 Commander of the Legion of Honour Government of France [105]
2018 Honorary Doctorate Swansea University [106][107]
2022 Honorary Doctorate of Literature HSNC University [108]

Personal life[edit]

Tata has never married and has no children. In 2011, Ratan Tata stated, "I came close to getting married four times and each time I backed off in fear or for one reason or another."[109]

In popular culture[edit]

Mega Icons (2018–2020), an Indian documentary television series on National Geographic about prominent Indian personalities, dedicated an episode to Ratan Tata's contributions.[110]

References[edit]

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Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

Business positions
Preceded by Chairman of Tata Group
1991–2012
Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairman of Tata Group
2016–2017
Succeeded by

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